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ppo.py
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ppo.py
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import argparse
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import os
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import time
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import gymnasium as gym
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import numpy as np
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import torch
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from stable_baselines3.common.atari_wrappers import FireResetEnv, EpisodicLifeEnv, ClipRewardEnv
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from torch import nn, optim
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from torch.distributions import Categorical
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from torch.nn.utils.clip_grad import clip_grad_norm_
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from torch.utils.tensorboard.writer import SummaryWriter
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from tqdm import tqdm
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from game_list import atari_list
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def get_args():
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parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
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parser.add_argument('--exp_name', type=str, default=os.path.basename(__file__).rstrip('.py'))
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parser.add_argument('--env_id', type=str, default='ALE/Breakout-v5')
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parser.add_argument('--seed', type=int, default=1)
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parser.add_argument('--use_cuda', type=bool, default=True)
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parser.add_argument('--learning_rate', type=float, default=2.5e-4)
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parser.add_argument('--lr_decay', type=bool, default=True)
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parser.add_argument('--total_steps', type=int, default=int(1e7))
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parser.add_argument('--num_envs', type=int, default=8)
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parser.add_argument('--num_steps', type=int, default=128)
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parser.add_argument('--update_epochs', type=int, default=8)
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parser.add_argument('--num_mini_batches', type=int, default=4)
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parser.add_argument('--gae_lambda', type=float, default=0.95)
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parser.add_argument('--gamma', type=float, default=0.99)
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parser.add_argument('--clip_value_loss', type=bool, default=True)
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parser.add_argument('--c_1', type=float, default=1.0)
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parser.add_argument('--c_2', type=float, default=0.01)
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parser.add_argument('--clip_grad_norm', type=float, default=0.5)
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parser.add_argument('--clip_epsilon', type=float, default=0.2)
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args = parser.parse_args()
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args.device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() and args.use_cuda else 'cpu')
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args.batch_size = int(args.num_envs * args.num_steps)
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args.minibatch_size = int(args.batch_size // args.num_mini_batches)
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args.num_updates = int(args.total_steps // args.batch_size)
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return args
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def make_env(env_id):
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def thunk():
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env = gym.make(env_id, frameskip=1, repeat_action_probability=0.0, full_action_space=False)
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env = gym.wrappers.RecordEpisodeStatistics(env)
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if 'FIRE' in env.unwrapped.get_action_meanings():
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env = FireResetEnv(env)
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env = EpisodicLifeEnv(env)
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env = ClipRewardEnv(env)
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env = gym.wrappers.AtariPreprocessing(env, scale_obs=True)
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env = gym.wrappers.FrameStack(env, 4)
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return env
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return thunk
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def compute_advantages(rewards, flags, values, last_value, args):
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advantages = torch.zeros((args.num_steps, args.num_envs)).to(args.device)
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adv = torch.zeros(args.num_envs).to(args.device)
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for i in reversed(range(args.num_steps)):
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returns = rewards[i] + args.gamma * flags[i] * last_value
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delta = returns - values[i]
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adv = delta + args.gamma * args.gae_lambda * flags[i] * adv
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advantages[i] = adv
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last_value = values[i]
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return advantages
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class Buffer:
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def __init__(self, num_steps, num_envs, observation_shape, action_dim, device):
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self.states = np.zeros((num_steps, num_envs, *observation_shape), dtype=np.float32)
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self.actions = np.zeros((num_steps, num_envs), dtype=np.int64)
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self.rewards = np.zeros((num_steps, num_envs), dtype=np.float32)
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self.flags = np.zeros((num_steps, num_envs), dtype=np.float32)
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self.log_probs = np.zeros((num_steps, num_envs), dtype=np.float32)
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self.probs = np.zeros((num_steps, num_envs, action_dim), dtype=np.float32)
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self.values = np.zeros((num_steps, num_envs), dtype=np.float32)
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self.step = 0
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self.num_steps = num_steps
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self.device = device
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def push(self, state, action, reward, flag, log_prob, prob, value):
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self.states[self.step] = state
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self.actions[self.step] = action
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self.rewards[self.step] = reward
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self.flags[self.step] = flag
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self.log_probs[self.step] = log_prob
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self.probs[self.step] = prob
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self.values[self.step] = value
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self.step = (self.step + 1) % self.num_steps
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def get(self):
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return (
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torch.from_numpy(self.states).to(self.device),
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torch.from_numpy(self.actions).to(self.device),
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torch.from_numpy(self.rewards).to(self.device),
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torch.from_numpy(self.flags).to(self.device),
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torch.from_numpy(self.log_probs).to(self.device),
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torch.from_numpy(self.values).to(self.device),
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)
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def get_probs(self):
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return torch.from_numpy(self.probs).to(self.device)
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def layer_init(layer, std=np.sqrt(2), bias_const=0.0):
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torch.nn.init.orthogonal_(layer.weight, std)
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torch.nn.init.constant_(layer.bias, bias_const)
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return layer
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class Agent(nn.Module):
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def __init__(self, action_dim, device):
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super().__init__()
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self.encoder = nn.Sequential(
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layer_init(nn.Conv2d(4, 32, 8, stride=4)),
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nn.ReLU(),
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layer_init(nn.Conv2d(32, 64, 4, stride=2)),
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nn.ReLU(),
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layer_init(nn.Conv2d(64, 64, 3, stride=1)),
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nn.ReLU(),
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nn.Flatten(),
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layer_init(nn.Linear(64 * 7 * 7, 512)),
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nn.ReLU(),
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)
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self.actor_net = layer_init(nn.Linear(512, action_dim), std=0.01)
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self.critic_net = layer_init(nn.Linear(512, 1), std=1)
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if device.type == 'cuda':
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self.cuda()
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def forward(self, state):
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hidden = self.encoder(state)
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actor_value = self.actor_net(hidden)
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distribution = Categorical(logits=actor_value)
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action = distribution.sample()
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log_prob = distribution.log_prob(action)
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value = self.critic_net(hidden).squeeze(-1)
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return action, log_prob, value, distribution.probs
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def evaluate(self, states, actions):
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hidden = self.encoder(states)
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actor_values = self.actor_net(hidden)
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distribution = Categorical(logits=actor_values)
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log_probs = distribution.log_prob(actions)
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entropy = distribution.entropy()
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values = self.critic_net(hidden).squeeze(-1)
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return log_probs, values, entropy, distribution.probs
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def critic(self, state):
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return self.critic_net(self.encoder(state)).squeeze(-1)
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def train(env_id, seed):
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args = get_args()
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args.env_id = env_id
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args.seed = seed
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run_name = (
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'ppo' +
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'_epoch_' + str(args.update_epochs) +
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'_seed_' + str(args.seed)
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)
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# 保存训练日志
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path_string = 'new_' + str(args.env_id)[4:] + '/' + run_name
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writer = SummaryWriter(path_string)
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writer.add_text(
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'Hyperparameter',
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'|param|value|\n|-|-|\n%s' % ('\n'.join([f'|{key}|{value}|' for key, value in vars(args).items()])),
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)
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# 初始化并行环境
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envs = gym.vector.AsyncVectorEnv([make_env(args.env_id) for _ in range(args.num_envs)])
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# 状态空间和动作空间
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observation_shape = envs.single_observation_space.shape
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action_dim = envs.single_action_space.n
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# 随机数种子
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if args.seed:
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numpy_rng = np.random.default_rng(args.seed)
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torch.manual_seed(args.seed)
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state, _ = envs.reset(seed=args.seed)
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else:
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numpy_rng = np.random.default_rng()
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state, _ = envs.reset()
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# 价值网络和策略网络
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agent = Agent(action_dim, args.device)
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# 优化器
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optimizer = optim.Adam(agent.parameters(), lr=args.learning_rate)
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# 存储数据的buffer
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rollout_buffer = Buffer(args.num_steps, args.num_envs, observation_shape, action_dim, args.device)
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global_step = 0
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start_time = time.time()
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# 开始收集数据
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for _ in tqdm(range(args.num_updates)):
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# 学习率线性递减
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if args.lr_decay:
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optimizer.param_groups[0]['lr'] -= (args.learning_rate - 1e-12) / args.num_updates
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for _ in range(args.num_steps):
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global_step += 1 * args.num_envs
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with torch.no_grad():
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action, log_prob, value, prob = agent(torch.from_numpy(state).to(args.device).float())
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action = action.cpu().numpy()
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next_state, reward, terminated, truncated, all_info = envs.step(action)
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# 存储数据
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flag = 1.0 - np.logical_or(terminated, truncated)
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log_prob = log_prob.cpu().numpy()
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prob = prob.cpu().numpy()
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value = value.cpu().numpy()
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rollout_buffer.push(state, action, reward, flag, log_prob, prob, value)
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state = next_state
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if 'final_info' not in all_info:
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continue
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# 写入训练过程的数据
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for info in all_info['final_info']:
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if info is None:
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continue
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if 'episode' in info.keys():
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writer.add_scalar('charts/episodic_return', info['episode']['r'], global_step)
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# print(float(info['episode']['r']))
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break
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# ------------------------------- 上面收集了足够的数据，下面开始更新 ------------------------------- #
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states, actions, rewards, flags, log_probs, values = rollout_buffer.get()
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probs = rollout_buffer.get_probs()
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with torch.no_grad():
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last_value = agent.critic(torch.from_numpy(next_state).to(args.device).float())
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# 计算优势值和TD目标
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advantages = compute_advantages(rewards, flags, values, last_value, args)
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td_target = advantages + values
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# 将数据展平
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states = states.reshape(-1, *observation_shape)
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actions = actions.reshape(-1)
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log_probs = log_probs.reshape(-1)
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probs = probs.reshape((-1, action_dim))
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td_target = td_target.reshape(-1)
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advantages = advantages.reshape(-1)
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values = values.reshape(-1)
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batch_indexes = np.arange(args.batch_size)
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# 更新策略网络和价值网络
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for e in range(1, args.update_epochs + 1):
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numpy_rng.shuffle(batch_indexes)
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for start in range(0, args.batch_size, args.minibatch_size):
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end = start + args.minibatch_size
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index = batch_indexes[start:end]
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# 得到最新的策略网络和价值网络输出
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new_log_probs, td_predict, entropy, new_probs = agent.evaluate(states[index], actions[index])
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log_ratio = new_log_probs - log_probs[index]
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ratios = log_ratio.exp()
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# 计算kl散度
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d = torch.sum(
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probs[index] * torch.log((probs[index] + 1e-12) / (new_probs + 1e-12)), 1
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)
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writer.add_scalar('charts/average_kld', d.mean(), global_step)
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# 优势值标准化
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b_advantages = advantages[index]
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b_advantages = (b_advantages - b_advantages.mean()) / (b_advantages.std() + 1e-12)
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# 策略网络损失
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policy_loss_1 = b_advantages * ratios
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policy_loss_2 = b_advantages * torch.clamp(
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ratios, 1.0 - args.clip_epsilon, 1.0 + args.clip_epsilon
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)
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policy_loss = -torch.min(policy_loss_1, policy_loss_2).mean()
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# 价值网络损失
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if args.clip_value_loss:
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v_loss_un_clipped = (td_predict - td_target[index]) ** 2
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v_clipped = td_target[index] + torch.clamp(
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td_predict - td_target[index],
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-args.clip_epsilon,
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args.clip_epsilon,
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)
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v_loss_clipped = (v_clipped - td_target[index]) ** 2
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v_loss_max = torch.max(v_loss_un_clipped, v_loss_clipped)
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value_loss = 0.5 * v_loss_max.mean()
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else:
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value_loss = 0.5 * ((td_predict - td_target[index]) ** 2).mean()
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entropy_loss = entropy.mean()
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# 保存训练过程中的一些数据
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writer.add_scalar('losses/value_loss', value_loss.item(), global_step)
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writer.add_scalar('losses/policy_loss', policy_loss.item(), global_step)
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writer.add_scalar('losses/entropy', entropy_loss.item(), global_step)
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writer.add_scalar('losses/delta', torch.abs(ratios - 1).mean().item(), global_step)
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# 总的损失
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loss = policy_loss + value_loss * args.c_1 - entropy_loss * args.c_2
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# 更新网络参数
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optimizer.zero_grad()
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loss.backward()
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clip_grad_norm_(agent.parameters(), args.clip_grad_norm)
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optimizer.step()
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explained_var = (
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np.nan if torch.var(td_target) == 0 else 1 - torch.var(td_target - values) / torch.var(td_target)
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)
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writer.add_scalar('charts/learning_rate', optimizer.param_groups[0]['lr'], global_step)
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writer.add_scalar('charts/SPS', int(global_step / (time.time() - start_time)), global_step)
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writer.add_scalar('others/explained_var', explained_var, global_step)
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envs.close()
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writer.close()
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def main():
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for env_id in atari_list:
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for seed in [1, 2, 3]:
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print(env_id, seed)
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train('ALE/' + env_id + '-v5', seed)
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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main()
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