535 lines
16 KiB
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535 lines
16 KiB
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\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,oneside]{book}
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\usepackage[english]{babel}
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\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
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% invisible hyperlinks:
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\usepackage{hyperref}
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\hypersetup{
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pdftitle={OpenRocket technical documentation},
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pdfauthor={Sampo Niskanen},
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pdfsubject={Technical documentation of the OpenRocket simulation software},
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pdfkeywords={OpenRocket, model rocket, rocketry, simulation, technical documentation},
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pdfpagemode=UseNone,
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colorlinks,
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\usepackage{ar}
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\usepackage{amsmath}
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\usepackage{amssymb}
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\usepackage{textcomp}
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\usepackage{rotating}
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\usepackage{setspace}
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\usepackage{array}
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\setlength{\parindent}{0mm}
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\setlength{\parskip}{\baselineskip}
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\newcommand{\ie}{{\it i.e.}\ }
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\newcommand{\eg}{{\it e.g.}\ }
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\newcommand{\half}{\ensuremath{^1\!/\!_2}}
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\newcommand{\quarter}{\ensuremath{^1\!/\!_4}}
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\newcommand{\CNa}{\ensuremath{{C_{N_\alpha}}}}
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\newcommand{\CNap}{\ensuremath{{C_{N_{\alpha'}}}}}
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\newcommand{\Cma}{\ensuremath{C_{m_\alpha}}}
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\newcommand{\Aref}{\ensuremath{A_{\rm ref}}}
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\newcommand{\Afin}{\ensuremath{A_{\rm fin}}}
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\newcommand{\Abase}{\ensuremath{A_{\rm base}}}
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\newcommand{\um}{\textmu m}
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\newcommand{\vect}[1]{\boldsymbol{#1}}
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\newcommand{\vi}{\mathbf{i}}
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% A space suitable delimiting numbers as 100\s000 for '100 000'
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\newcommand{\s}{\nolinebreak\hspace{0.5mm}\nolinebreak}
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\newcommand{\code}[1]{{\tt #1}}
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%\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0in}
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%\setlength{\evensidemargin}{0in}
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%\setlength{\textwidth}{6.25in}
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%\setlength{\topmargin}{-10mm}
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%\setlength{\textheight}{9.5in}
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\begin{document}
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\pagenumbering{roman}
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%%%%%%%% Title page
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\thispagestyle{empty}
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\mbox{}
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\vfill
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\begin{center}
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{\LARGE\bf OpenRocket technical documentation}
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{\large For OpenRocket version 1.1.6}
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\vspace{-3mm}
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2011-07-18
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\vspace{10mm}
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{\Large Sampo Niskanen}
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\vspace{80mm}
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Based on the Master's thesis \cite{thesis}
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\vspace{-1mm}
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\mbox{\hspace{-6pt}
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\large\it Development of an Open Source model rocket simulation software}
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\end{center}
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\vfill
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\clearpage
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\thispagestyle{empty}
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\mbox{}
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\vfill
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\begin{center}
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{\Large\bf Thesis or technical documentation?}
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\end{center}
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The OpenRocket simulation software was originally developed as the
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Master's thesis project of Sampo Niskanen, including its written
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part
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{\it ``Development of an Open Source model rocket simulation software''}
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\cite{thesis}. The thesis is used as the basis of this technical
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documentation, which is updated to account for later development in the
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software. This document often still refers to itself as a thesis, as
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no systematic updating of this fact has yet been performed.
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While the original thesis is available online under a Creative Commons
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no-derivatives license, this document is available under a freer
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share-alike license.
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The latest version of the technical documentation is available on the
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OpenRocket website, \url{http://openrocket.sourceforge.net/}.
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\vspace{10mm}
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\begin{center}
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{\Large\bf Version history}
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\end{center}
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}{lp{120mm}}
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2010-04-06 & Initial revision. Updates the roll angle effect on three- and
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four-fin configurations in Section~\ref{update-roll-angle}.
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(OpenRocket software 1.0.0) \\
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2011-07-18 & Updated Chapter~\ref{chap-software} for updates in the
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software. (OpenRocket software 1.1.6) \\
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}
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\vfill
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%%%%% Quotation
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\clearpage
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\thispagestyle{empty}
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\mbox{}
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\vfill
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{\it ``No. Coal mining may be your life, but it's not mine. I'm never
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going down there again. I wanna go into space.''}
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\vspace{5mm}
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\hspace{10mm}\parbox{130mm}{
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Amateur rocketeer Homer Hickam, Jr. in the movie October Sky (1999), based
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on a true story.\\
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Hickam later became an engineer at NASA, working in spacecraft design
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and crew training.}
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\vfill
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%%%%%%%%
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\tableofcontents
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%\listoffigures
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%
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%\listoftables
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\newpage
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\section*{List of symbols and abbreviations}
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{\bf Symbols}
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\nopagebreak
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\begin{tabular}{p{20mm}p{105mm}}
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$A$ & Area \\
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\Afin & Area of one fin \\
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$A_{\rm plan}$& Planform area \\
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\Aref & Reference area \\
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$A_{\rm wet}$ & Wetted area \\
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$\AR$ & Aspect ratio of a fin, $2s^2/\Afin$ \\
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$c$ & Speed of sound \\
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$\bar c$ & Mean aerodynamic chord length of a fin \\
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$c(y)$ & Chord length of a fin at spanwise position $y$ \\
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$C_A$ & Axial drag force coefficient \\
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$C_D$ & Drag force coefficient \\
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$C_f$ & Skin friction drag coefficient \\
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$C_l$ & Roll moment coefficient \\
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$C_{ld}$ & Roll damping moment coefficient \\
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$C_{lf}$ & Roll forcing moment coefficient \\
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$C_m$ & Pitch moment coefficient \\
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\Cma & Pitch moment coefficient derivative,
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$\frac{\partial C_m}{\partial \alpha}$ \\
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$C_N$ & Normal force coefficient \\
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\CNa & Normal force coefficient derivative,
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$\frac{\partial C_N}{\partial \alpha}$ \\
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$d$ & Reference length, the rocket diameter \\
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$D$ & Drag force \\
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$f_B$ & Rocket fineness ratio, $L/d$ \\
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$L$ & The rocket length \\
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$m$ & Pitch moment \\
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$M$ & Mach number \\
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$N$ & Normal force; Number of fins \\
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$p$ & Air pressure \\
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$r(x)$ & Body or component radius at position $x$ \\
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$R$ & Reynolds number \\
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$s$ & Spanwise length of one fin \\
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$T$ & Air temperature \\
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$V$ & Volume \\
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$v_0$ & Free-stream velocity \\
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$x$, $X$ & Position along the rocket centerline \\
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$y$ & Spanwise position \\
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\end{tabular}
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\begin{tabular}{p{20mm}p{105mm}}
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$\alpha$ & Angle of attack \\
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$\beta$ & $\sqrt{|M^2-1|}$ \\
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$\gamma$ & Specific heat ratio, for air $\gamma=1.4$ \\
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$\Gamma_c$ & Fin midchord sweep angle \\
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$\delta$ & Fin cant angle \\
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$\eta$ & Airflow inclination angle over a fin \\
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$\theta$ & Roll angle \\
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$\Lambda$ & Dihedral angle between a fin and the direction of airflow \\
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$\nu$ & Kinematic viscosity of air \\
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$\xi$ & Distance from rotation axis \\
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$\rho$ & Density of air \\
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$\omega$ & Angular velocity \\
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\end{tabular}
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\vspace{10mm}
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{\bf Abbreviations}
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\nopagebreak
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\begin{tabular}{p{20mm}p{105mm}}
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CFD & Computational fluid dynamics \\
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CG & Center of gravity \\
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CP & Center of pressure \\
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LE & Leading edge \\
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MAC & Mean aerodynamic chord \\
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RK4 & Runge-Kutta 4 integration method \\
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UI & User interface \\
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\end{tabular}
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\pagebreak
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\pagenumbering{arabic}
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\setcounter{page}{1}
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\include{chapter-introduction}
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\include{chapter-basics-of-model-rockets}
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\include{chapter-aerodynamic-properties}
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\include{chapter-flight-simulation}
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\include{chapter-software}
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\include{chapter-experimental}
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\include{chapter-conclusion}
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\clearpage
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\vspace*{1cm}
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\section*{Acknowledgments}
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I would like to express my deepest gratitude to M.Sc.~Timo Sailaranta
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for his invaluable advice and consultation on the aerodynamic
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simulation of rockets. Without his input the creation of the
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OpenRocket software and Master's thesis would have been exceedingly
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laborious. I would also like to thank Prof.~Rolf Stenberg for
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supervising the writing of the Master's thesis.
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I am also deeply grateful for my parents Jouni and Riitta, my entire
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family, friends and teachers, who have always encouraged me onwards in
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my life and studies. Above all I would like to thank my brother,
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Antti~J. Niskanen, for being an inspiration throughout my life and
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also for building the magnetometer logger used in the experimental
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flights; and my wife Merli Lahtinen, for her patience and loving
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understanding for my passion towards rocketry.
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\begin{thebibliography}{99}
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\bibitem{thesis} Niskanen, S., {\it Development of an Open Source
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model rocket simulation software}, M.Sc. thesis, Helsinki University
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of Technology, 2009. Available at
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\url{http://openrocket.sourceforge.net/documentation.html}.
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\bibitem{stine} Stine, H., Stine, B., {\it Handbook of Model
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\bibitem{hoerner} Hoerner, S., {\it Fluid-dynamic drag}, published by
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% FLUID-DYNAMIC DRAG
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% Practical Information on AERODYNAMICDRAG and HYDRODYNAMIC RESISTANCE
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% Sighard F. Hoerner (Dr.-Ing.)
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% Published by the Author 1958
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%
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% Chap II - Skin-friction drag
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% laminaarinen, turbulentti, ym.
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% Chap III - Pressure drag
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% forebudy pressure drag for different shapes
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% Base drag C_DB = 0.029/sqrt(C_fB) forebody-drag coefficient C_fB
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% Chap V - Drag of surface imperfections
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% Drag due to surface roughtness
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% Critical roughness
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% Page 5-8, Drag of Individual Protuberances
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% neliskanttinen pala, pituus < korkeus -> CD=1.20
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% pituus > 2*kork -> CD=0.74
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% suhteutettu etupinta-alaan
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% From ref. Tillmann, Rpt KW Inst. G<>ttingen, Dec 1944
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% Chap VII - Drag due to lift
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% Chap VIII - Interference drag
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% Pairs of bodies
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% Chap X - Hydrodynamic drag
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% sivu 10-3, siivekkeiden profiilimuotoja!!!
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% Chap XIII - Drag of airplane components and accessories
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% Drag of external loads
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% Parachutes
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% Chap XV-XVII - subsonic, transsonic, supersonic
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\end{thebibliography}
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||
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||
|
||
|
||
\appendix
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||
|
||
\include{chapter-appendices}
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||
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||
\end{document}
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